Testing for Normality using SPSS 

Testing for Normality using SPSS Introduction An assessment of the normality of data is a prerequisite for many statistical tests because normal data is an underlying assumption in parametric testing. There are two main methods of assessing normality: graphically and numerically. This “quick start” guide will help you to determine whether your data is normal, […]

Cronbach’s Alpha (α) using SPSS Statistics

Introduction Cronbach’s alpha is the most common measure of internal consistency (“reliability”). It is most commonly used when you have multiple Likert questions in a survey/questionnaire that form a scale and you wish to determine if the scale is reliable. If you are concerned with inter-rater reliability, we also have a guide on using Cohen’s (κ) […]

Multiple Regression Analysis using SPSS

  Multiple Regression Analysis using SPSS Statistics Introduction Multiple regression is an extension of simple linear regression. It is used when we want to predict the value of a variable based on the value of two or more other variables. The variable we want to predict is called the dependent variable (or sometimes, the outcome, […]