How to Summarize Data with Pandas, Python

How to Summarize Data with Pandas, Python. Are you starting to learn how to analyze data using Python Pandas? If yes, this post is for you. We will go over different functions used to summarize data contained in a pandas dataframe.

For demonstration purposes, I used the Supermarket Sales data set from Kaggle. I downloaded the file and saved it in my local drive.

#import library
import pandas as pd
#import file
ss = pd.read_csv('supermarket_sales.csv')
#preview data
ss.head()

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Supermarket Sales dataframe

  1. info(): provides a concise summary of a dataframe.

I use this method every time I am working with pandas especially when doing data cleaning. It shows you all the information you need to know about your dataframe like: record counts, column names, data types, index range , and memory usage.

By looking at the summary provided for ss.info() below we can observe:

  • record count is 1000
  • composed of 17 columns
  • Column names can be updated to eliminate white spaces
  • Data types included are object, float64 and int
  • Date and Time columns are dtype = object, should be updated to corresponding datetime formats.
  • There are no missing values on any of the records

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info() result for the ss dataframe

2. describe(): Generates descriptive statistics that will provide visibility of the dispersion and shape of a dataset’s distribution. It excludes NaN values. It can be used for dataframe or a specific series.

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describe() results for the ss dataframe

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describe() results for the Quantity series

By default, the results are for numeric types, but you can use the parameter include to show the stats for some or all the data types in the dataframe.

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describe() results for all the series in the ss dataframe

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describe() results for only those series with object and int datatypes

You can exclude specific data types from a dataframe as well with the exclude parameter:

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describe() results for the ss dataframe excluding object and int data types. Leaving only the ones with float.

By default, the percentiles returned by this function are the 25th, 50th and 75th. If you wish to change the percentiles in the results, you can add those by using the parameter percentiles. Values must be between 0 and 1. This applies for both dataframe and series:

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describe() results for the ss dataframe with specific percentiles set

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describe() results for the Tax 5% series with specific percentiles set

3. value_counts(): returnscounts of unique values for the specified series. NaN values are excluded by default.

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value_counts() results for ss.City series

By default, the results are listed in descending order, but you can change it by using parameter ascending = True

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value_counts() results in ascending order

You can get the frequency (instead of count) for each value by setting the normalize = True

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value_counts() results in frequency format

4. nunique(): Count distinct observations. Can be used for a dataframe or a series. By default, it exclude the NaN values.

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nunique() results for ss dataframe

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nunique() results for City series

If you need to include the NaN values, use the parameter dropna= False

Since this dataset does not contains any NaN values, let us create a dataframe for this example:

d = {'A': [1, 2, None], 'B': [3, 4, 2], 'C': [3, None, None]}
df = pd.DataFrame(d)
df

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new dataframe for demo

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nunique() results excluding NaN values

Now see how the dropna parameter set to False changes the results:

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nunique() results including NaN values

5. sum(): Return the sum of the values for the requested axis. You can use it for both dataframe and series.

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sum() results for the entire ss dataframe

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sum() results for the Quantity series

You can specify to apply the function only to numeric types by using the parameter: numeric_only = True

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sum() results for those series with numeric types only

Another useful parameter is min_count where you can set the minimum number of records that must exists to apply the function.

Let’s create another dataframe to demo how this parameter works:

d = {'A': [1, 2, None, 5, 8], 'B': [3, 4, 2, 4, 5], 
'C': [3, None, None, 3, 4]}
df = pd.DataFrame(d)
df

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dataframe with some missing values

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sum() function result is provided for those series that has 4 or more non null values

6. count(): Return number of non-NA/null observations.

Can be applied to both dataframe and series:

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count() result for the ss dataframe

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count() result for the Gender series

Use the parameter numeric_only = True to apply functions to only series with numeric data types.

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count() result for ss dataframe with only numeric type series

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7. Min and Max, Mean and Median:

a. min(): Return the minimum value

b. max(): Return the maximum value

c.mean(): Return the mean of the values

d. median(): Return the median of the values

These functions can be applied to both dataframe and series:

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max() result for the ss dataframe

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min() result for the ss dataframe

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mean() result for the ss dataframe

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median() result for the ss dataframe

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mean() result for the Rating series

Summary

In this post we went over some functions to get summarized data from a pandas dataframe. We used .info() to get information about the structure and format of our dataframe. We used .describe() to get descriptive statistic about the data. Then we showed how to get the counts per columns with .counts(); values grouped and their counts with .value_counts(), how many unique values a column has with .nunique() and finally functions to obtain the maximum and minimum values with .max() and .min() as well as the median and mean values with .median() and .mean(). Thanks for reading!

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